Note: Clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy utilized the Cockcroft-Gault formula with the use of actual body weight (weight range of patients enrolled in clinical trials: 33 to 209 kg) (data on file; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc 2012).
High Alert Drug: Factor Xa inhibitors
• Nurses and pharmacists verify dose and that patient is not on another anticoagulant prior to administration. • Two RNs independently verify dose prior to administration if the dosing requires manipulation (i.e. drawing up a portion of a vial, or giving a portion of a syringe}. • Anticoagulation comparison chart available on nursing units for reference. • Pharmacists/nurses provide patient education for oral anticoagulants. • Pharmacists monitor for appropriate dosing, labs, and prevention of adverse events. • Reversal agents and order sets for oral anticoagulants
Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet Stoppage For Procedures
generic (Brand)
Dept.
Procedure Type (hover over entry for examples)
Stop Medication Prior To Procedure Restart after:
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Anesthesia
High-risk
3 days Restart after 24 hours
Intermediate-risk
3 days Restart after 24 hours
Low-risk
Requires shared assessment and risk stratification Restart after 24 hours
Patients with high risk of bleeding (eg, old age, history of bleeding tendency, concurrent uses of other anticoagulants/antiplatelets, liver cirrhosis or advanced liver disease, and advanced renal disease) undergoing low- or intermediate-risk procedures should be treated as intermediate or high risk, respectively.
Radiology
Invasive Procedures
3 days (Hold time may need to be extended with impaired renal function)
Paracentesis/Thoracentesis
24 hours (Hold time may need to be extended with impaired renal function)
Surgery
High-risk
4 doses Restart after 2-3 days
Low-risk
2 days Restart after 2-3 days
Enteral Drug Administration notes.
Generic (Brand)
Comments and Considerations
Recommendations for Administration with Enteral Nutrition
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Exposure to drug reduced with release in distal small intestine.
Suggest no dose adjustment if enteral tube ends in stomach. Suggest using alternative anticoagulant if enteral tube ends distal to stomach.
2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.
Medication:
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Criteria 1: Potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. (Table 2)
Comments
When selecting among DOACs and choosing a dose, pay special consideration to kidney function (see Table 6), indication, and body weight.
Drug(s)
for long-term treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Rationale
At doses used for long-term treatment of VTE or nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, rivaroxaban appears to have a higher risk of major bleeding and GI bleeding in older adults than other DOACs, particularly apixaban. rivaroxaban may be reasonable in special situations, for example when once-daily dosing is necessary to facilitate medication adherence. All DOACs confer a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage than warfarin.
Recommendation
Avoid for long-term treatment of atrial fibrillation or VTE in favor of safer anticoagulant alternatives. See also criteria on warfarin (Table 2) and dabigatran (Table 4) and comment above regarding the choice between warfarin and DOACs and among DOACs.
Quality of evidence: Moderate, Strength of Recommendation: Strong
Criteria 5: medications that should be avoided or have their dosage reduced with varying levels of kidney function in older adults. (Table 6)
CrCl (mL/min) at which action is required
<50
Rationale
Lack of efficacy or safety evidence in people with CrCl <15 mL/min; limited evidence for CrCl 15-30 mL/min.
Recommendation
Avoid if CrCl <15 mL/min. Reduce the dose if CrCl is 15-50 mL/min following manufacturer dosing recommendations based on indication-specific dosing.
Quality of evidence: Moderate, Strength of Recommendation: Strong
• Two RNs independently verify dose prior to administration if the dosing requires manipulation (i.e. drawing up a portion of a vial, or giving a portion of a syringe}.
• Anticoagulation comparison chart available on nursing units for reference.
• Pharmacists/nurses provide patient education for oral anticoagulants.
• Pharmacists monitor for appropriate dosing, labs, and prevention of adverse events.
• Reversal agents and order sets for oral anticoagulants
(hover over entry for examples)
(Xarelto)
(Brand)
(Xarelto)
rivaroxaban may be reasonable in special situations, for example when once-daily dosing is necessary to facilitate medication adherence. All DOACs confer a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage than warfarin.
See also criteria on warfarin (Table 2) and dabigatran (Table 4) and comment above regarding the choice between warfarin and DOACs and among DOACs.
Reduce the dose if CrCl is 15-50 mL/min following manufacturer dosing recommendations based on indication-specific dosing.